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Description:

This scale was developed at the end of the 1980s as a self-reported questionnaire following spinal cord injury.

The patient evaluates his/her “spasms”, quantifying them according to 5 classifications (from 0 to 4).

For ratings of 1 or greater, the severity of the spasms is also be evaluated, using a 3 level scale (mild, moderate or severe).

Echelle libre de droit
Psychometric properties:
1) Validity

Psychometric Properties

References

Face validity

Content validity

Criterion validity:

Concurrent validity

   [2]

Predictive validity

   [2]
Construct validity:

Convergent validity

   [3]  [4]  [5]

Divergent validity

Discriminant Validiy ((sensitivity and distinctivenes)

    [3]  [4]  [5]
2) Reliability

Psychometric properties

References

Intra-rater reliability

Inter-rater reliability

Test-retest

   [4]
3) Other criteria

Psychometric properties

References

Internal consistency (alpha)

   [4]

Responsiveness

General comment on reliability:

The scale has been evaluated in all languages since language does not affect its use.

Reference update:

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More information:
For more details on the scale, the comments or the psychometric properties presented here, please use:  contact@scale-library.com
References:
Inaugural references:
[1] Penn RD, Savoy SM, Corcos D, Latash M, Gottlieb G, Parke B, Kroin JS. Intrathecal baclofen for severe spinal spasticity. N Engl J Med. 1989 Jun 8;320(23):1517-21.
Psychometric references:
[2] Hornby TG, Rymer WZ, Benz EN, Schmit BD, et al. (2003). “Windup of flexion reflexes in chronic human spinal cord injury: a marker for neuronal plateau potentials?” J Neurophysiology 2003 Jan;89(1):416-26.

[3] Guillaume D, Van Havenbergh A, Vloeberghs M, Vidal J, Roeste G, et al. (2005). “A clinical study of intrathecal baclofen using a programmable pump for intractable spasticity.” Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Nov;86(11):2165-71. 

[4] Adams MM, Ginis KA, Hicks AL, et al. (2007). “The spinal cord injury spasticity evaluation tool: development and evaluation.” Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 Sep;88(9):1185-92.

[5] Hsieh JT, Wolfe DL, et al. (2008). “Spasticity outcome measures in spinal cord injury: psychometric properties and clinical utility.” Spinal Cord 2008 Feb;46(2):86-95. Epub 2007 Oct 2.

Penn Spasm Frequency Scale